![]() Middle-time endurance – between 2 (3) minutes and 8-10 minutes, from this period on, aerobic system is dominant but the portion of anaerobic lactate metabolism can still be big (fast and slow glycolysis).Short-time endurance – between 30 seconds and 2 (3) minutes, motor activity of high intensity is primarily supplied with energy by anaerobic lactate system (fast glycolysis).Speed endurance – duration 20-30 seconds, alactate anaerobic metabolism is the basic energy system ensuring motor activity at the start of movement (phosphagen system).The quality of endurance performance is limited by a number of factors out of which the most important are those which are related primarily to oxygen transport, energy utilization (cardiorespiratory system, blood volume, total mass of haemoglobin, oxidative enzymes, fat utilization etc.) and to neuromuscular function and economy of movement (quality of CNS and peripheral nerves, strength, speed, endurance, coordination, technique, performance) and quality of this factors can be called a physiological profile of an athlete.įor training needs, endurance can be divided into four groups according to dominant metabolism which supplies energy to muscles: Fatigue is a relative process and as a consequence of it the exercise intensity is constantly changed during exercise as the brain either employs additional fibres to increase power output or to decrease fibre activation to adjust power output (energy) based on its calculations. Muscle fibre power output is not regulated by factors in the muscle itself but in the brain based on continuous information from senses of the whole body. The brain protects the body by regulating power output during any form of exercise with the ultimate goal of maintaining homeostasis and protecting life. The basis of this idea is that fatigue is caused by CNS, which is not able to activate muscles to following activities or activities on a desired level. He draw from the original cardiovascular anaerobic model and four additional models that regulate short-time, maximal or long-time submaximal exercise. The most complex revised physiological model proposed Nakes (2002) as a Central Governor Model. Every of these models have wanted to supplement the initial model of Hill. ![]() Thanks to the new knowledge’s from this field of exercise physiology were made several new models from various points of view, e.g Neuromuscular fatigue model, Muscle trauma model, Biomechanical model, Thermoregulatory model, etc. Most adherents to this model use the terms of VO 2max, lactate threshold, and running economy when discussing aerobic or endurance training or physiology. The cause of fatigue is primarily in cardiorespiratory system and utilization of oxygen. This model basically posits that a lack of oxygen in working muscles is what ultimately limits exercise performance. The most recognized model of endurance abilities physiology is the Cardiovascular/Anaerobic model, initially suggested by British physiologists A.V. Also recovery rates are highly related to quality of endurance abilities and faster recovery allows the athlete to shorten rest intervals within and between training sessions and increase overall training load. Many scientific works proved that aerobic endurance may last for a longer time before fatique appears and that it can last even in the state of fatique. Exercies used are usually locomotions or repeated cyclic movements. Aerobic metabolism prevails during physical exercise which is longer than than 2-3 minutes at a low, middle or submaximal intensity load. Endurance sports are activities which are performed during longer time interval and which prevailingly use aerobic metabolism involvement.
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